Heartburn

Most people will experience the uncomfortable form of indigestion known as reflux oesophagitis, commonly called 'heartburn' now and again, particularly after overindulgence in food and drink. But for some, reflux is a chronic problem causing months or years of discomfort, disturbed sleep and consumption of over-the-counter antacid remedies.

The word 'reflux' means 'flowing back'. The discomfort of heartburn is due to acid in the stomach flowing back into the oesophagus (gullet) which is a tube-like structure connecting the mouth to the stomach. The stomach makes strong acid to enable food to be digested, and its lining is relatively acid resistant. However the lining of the oesophagus is more sensitive to acid, resulting in pain when acid produces irritation or even ulceration.

On its way to the stomach the oesophagus passes through a strong muscle, the diaphragm. This acts as a sort of valve, keeping the oesophagus closed, except when food is being swallowed. Weakness of this valve mechanism is the cause of reflux. Sometimes, part of the stomach will bulge back through the diaphragm, a condition known as hiatus hernia. There are several highly effective treatments for reflux, so if you have heartburn on more than the odd festive occasion, discuss it with your Guardian pharmacist.